(4) For domestic transportation, a packaging marked prior to January 1, 2017 and in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue in service until the end of its useful life. [5] However, in 2006, the Agency published an addendum to its initial decision and called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses by registered manufacturers (effective July 2007), citing a significant change in the costs and benefits of agricultural uses due to the recent introduction of seed-treatment alternatives to lindane. UN Classification 0000000736 00000 n Lindane The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. WebInternational initiatives on Lindane include the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution; the Rotterdam Convention; the OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic, the Great For these purposes, 105 fish were exposed to different concentrations of Lindane for 96 h in 5 groups with 3 replications. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) For materials described using UN3077, Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. and UN3082, Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s., see 172.102(c)(1), special provision 441 for additional provisions; and. Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. Lindane is registered for use in 50 countries, with restricted-use status in 33 of these countries. 0000006477 00000 n [6] Most exposure of the general population to lindane results from agricultural uses and the intake of contaminated foods, such as produce, meats and milk. The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. with the financial assistance of the European Commission. LINDANE Interpretation Response | PHMSA Vomiting. ILO and WHO 2021. Cyanobacteria are able to tolerate, and even metabolize, moderate doses of organochlorine pesticides, such as lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), one of the most persistent and widely used in recent decades. 0000004014 00000 n This mark may be displayed in black lettering on a white square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. (ii) At least 250 mm (9.8 inches) for marks applied to all other bulk packages. The International HCH and Pesticide Forum has since been established to bring together experts to address the clean-up and containment of these sites. 89 0 obj <>stream Column 1 is labeled S.M.P. for Severe Marine Pollutants and Column 2 is Marine pollution 0000006190 00000 n 0000001327 00000 n Aurora is best viewed in areas without light pollution and no cloud cover. %PDF-1.4 % Find out more about the company LUMITOS and our team. Lindane has adverse effects on [24] The Joint Committee on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) of The World Health Organization and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations similarly concluded in 2004 that In the absence of genotoxicity and on the basis of the weight of the evidence from the studies of carcinogenicity, JMPR has concluded that lindane is not likely to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans.[21], The production and use of lindane in agricultural (both of which have declined significantly in the last 20 years) are the primary causes of environmental contamination,[25] and levels of lindane in the environment have waned in the U.S. from 1986 through 2003, consistent with decreasing agricultural usage patterns. (see also Regulatory Status). The other storms took place on November 4, 2021 and March 24, 2023. The EPA has approved the use of lindane stockpiles through 2009. (B) Bulk packages with a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons); or. [29] Modern manufacturing standards for lindane involve the treatment and conversion of waste isomers to less toxic industrial chemicals, a process known as cracking.[26][29] Today, only a few production plants remain active worldwide to accommodate public health uses of lindane and declining agricultural needs. Toxicity of phenanthrene and lindane mixtures Access to page content (press "Enter") Lindane and UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III, Prepared by an international group of experts on behalf of ILO and WHO, Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. [1] In the 1940s and 1950s lindane producers stockpiled these isomers in open heaps, which led to ground and water contamination. [16] Only rarely have seizures and even more rarely fatal reactions been reported when lindane medications were used (presumably) according to directions.[7][11][12]. [7], Based on these findings, lindane lotion and lindane shampoo were limited to small unit-dose bottles in 2003 by the FDA to mitigate the risk of misuse and further enhance product safety. Ethyl-4-aminobenzoate. NRDC: When the Treatment is Toxic - Pesticides in Head During this time, the vast majority of lindane usemore than 99%has been for agricultural purposes and much of the safety and environmental concerns have related to this application. WebThe table located at Appendix B to 172.101, List of Marine Pollutants, contains two columns. [7] (see also Regulatory History) Repeatedly, the FDA has concluded that lindane medications provide public health benefits at an acceptably low level of riska factor for all medications. Lindane has long been associated with pollution due to its long persistence and quick accumulation in fatty tissues. (ii) 5 kg (11 pounds) or less net capacity for solids. (a) For vessel transportation of each non-bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant -, (1) For a proper shipping name used to describe a hazardous material that is a marine pollutant and assigned the letter G in column (1) of the 172.101 hazardous materials table or that contains the text n.o.s., the name of the component which makes the material a marine pollutant must be marked on the package in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name unless the proper shipping name identifies by name the component which makes the material a marine pollutant. The authors concluded that "The California experience suggests elimination of pharmaceutical lindane produced environmental benefits, was associated with a reduction in reported unintentional exposures and did not adversely affect head lice and scabies treatment. eCFR :: 49 CFR 172.322 -- Marine pollutants. This may result in convulsions. In the 1940s, lindane was registered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and in 1951 it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in the treatment of scabies, head lice and pubic lice (crabs). WebSurface waters near industrialized and agricultural areas are contaminated with hundreds of different pollutants from a variety of sources. (d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required -. Web( d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required ( 1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: ( i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or ( ii) A net Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices [7] [17] When used properly, lindane medications are safe and effective for the diseases they are approved. Rinse mouth. In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agencys Cancer Assessment Review Committee for lindane downgraded the carcinogenic classification of lindane from possible to suggestive evidence, concluding that the data did not support the need for further study of the carcinogenic risks in humans. Gyceril PABA. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. 0000003168 00000 n (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part. [30][31]The US FDA continues to maintain that lindane medications have necessary health benefits that outweigh potential risks and should remain available for patients with head lice, scabies and pubic lice (crabs) who have few treatment alternatives. Web4-methylbenzylidene camphor. CFR Title 49. Transportation 49 CFR 172.101, App. B The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark shall be placed in association with the hazard warning labels required by subpart E of this part or, in the absence of any labels, in association with the marked proper shipping name. 0000002858 00000 n [3] It is presently banned in more than 50 countries, and is being considered for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, which would ban its production and use worldwide. Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. Lindane [20] The majority of studies of the general population have also shown no association between serum or breast tissue levels of lindane and breast cancer. Exposure to large amounts of lindane can negatively affect the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. (1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: (i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or, (ii) A net mass of 5 kg (11 pounds) or less for solids. The symbol and border must be black on a white or suitable contrasting background. Lindane, Hexachlorocyclohexane (Technical Grade), WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. (2) On a combination packaging containing a marine pollutant, other than a severe marine pollutant, in inner packagings each of which contains: (i) 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less net capacity for liquids; or. Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. Tremor. Refer for medical attention . [1] Adverse hematologic effects have also been reported with chronic occupational exposures and excessive dermal applications; however, a direct cause and effect has not been established. Dizziness. To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. Physical State; Appearance This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including chlorine (see ICSC 0126), hydrogen chloride (see ICSC 0163) and phosgene (see ICSC 0007). 0000003791 00000 n [32][33] In the U.S., petitions to ban the use of pharmaceutical lindane have been rejected by the FDA and determined to be without merit by experts working with this regulatory agency. Marine pollutants This article is based in part on the public domain US government document at FDA.gov. [1][19] The most common side effects with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard; or. The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants considers the use of lindane in agriculture as largely redundant, with other, less toxic and less persistent pesticides. Water | Free Full-Text | The Toxic Effects of Lindane via the A review of the most serious cases described 15 deaths of which two were confirmed related to lindane misuse including a suicidal ingestion. A recent analysis concluded that a majority of pediatricians had not experienced problems treating lice or scabies since that ban took effect. WebTherefore, if: (1) p-Dodecylphenol is a synonym to Dodecylphenol; and (2) the concentration of Dodecylphenol in the solution is at least one percent by weight, then the answer would be yes and "Lubrizol 9222R" would appear to be a marine pollutant. <<77808EBE95D8C749B7A9AFF580CD8412>]>> Diarrhoea. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development. Air pollution on the Front Range has gotten worse, EPA Transportation 49.172.101List of Marine Pollutants. Convulsions. Methods for measurement of sediment, surface water, and porewater toxicity in marine environments include the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests and copepod (June 8, 2007 order). Symbol (fish and tree): Black on white or suitable contrasting background. trailer Remove contaminated clothes. Inhalation risk [15] Central nervous system stimulation ranging from dizziness to seizures, has also been reported; however, serious effects, like seizures, have almost always resulted from oral ingestion or misuse of medication (e.g., repeated treatments or prolonged applications). This study investigates acute toxicity and histological effects of Lindane insecticide on intestinal tissues of immature grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Transportation 0 Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. 0000057076 00000 n Severe Marine Pollutants - ReadyGo Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Sweep spilled substance into sealable non-metallic containers. [7][11][12] [16] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Indeed, most of the adverse human health effects reported for lindane have related to agricultural uses and chronic, occupational exposure of seed treatment workers to agricultural-grade lindane. Over time, lindane is broken down in soil, sediment and water into less harmful substances by algae, fungi and bacteria; however, the process is relatively slow and dependent on ambient environmental conditions. [7] Worldwide, effective treatment options for the control of scabies and lice are relatively limited. Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents. However, lindane medications remain available in Canada for public health purposes as non-prescription therapies. This requirement may be met by the marking displayed on a freight container or portable tank loaded on a motor vehicle or rail car. The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. 0000001466 00000 n In addition, there were 46 hospitalizations, and seven life-threatening outcomesfive from the same household. It is also a recognised irritant. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in fish and seafood. [4][6] It is banned in 52 countries and the state of California, and is under review for addition to the Stockholm Convention On Persistent Organic Pollutants. The most common reports to the FDA were "drug ineffective," followed by convulsions, dermatitis and dizziness. WebLINDANE: ICSC: 0053 (November 2016) gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane gamma-BHC gamma-HCH: CAS #: 58-89-9: UN #: 2761 EC Number: 200-401-2 ACUTE DEA methoxycinnamate. (b) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, a bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant must -, (1) Be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark on at least two opposing sides or two ends other than the bottom if the packaging has a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons). To use all the functions on Chemie.DE please activate JavaScript. [23] However, more recent evaluations by subject matter experts do not support this rating. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance, chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus and protective gloves. 0000003713 00000 n Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. Lindane persists in the environment and bioaccumulates as an organochlorine pesticide and can pose risks to ecological environments and human Lindane Find out how LUMITOS supports you with online marketing. Samples of intestinal tissues were prepared in both control The width of the border forming the square-on-point marking must be at least 2 mm. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. In the U.S., lindane medications are approved for the treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs), and head lice. LINDANE A REVIEW OF TOXICITY AND Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (-HCH) and benzene hexachloride (BHC), is an organochlorine insecticide that has been used in agriculture and in pharmaceutical products for the treatment of headlice and scabies. A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. [4] Lindane has not been manufactured in the U.S. since the mid-1970s but continues to be imported and formulated for restricted use. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. This article wants to briefly summarise the However, Morton Grove presented new facts supporting its case for jurisdiction in Illinois and the Court held that Morton Grove's "Second Amended Complaint would provide specific jurisdiction over the Center and Weil." Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested. At the same time, a boxed warning was added to the prescription label to highlight to healthcare providers appropriate use criteria and rare treatment risks. Rest. Headache. Molecular mass: 290.8 In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Lindane is moderately toxic to mammals and may be a neurotoxin. Larger than the issue of lindane toxicity are concerns related to the non-gamma isomers of HCH, namely alpha-HCH and beta-HCH, which are notably more toxic than lindane. In 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses of lindane, limited in recent years to pre-planting seed treatments. With an accout for my.chemeurope.com you can always see everything at a glance and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the northern front range from "serious" to "severe." WebLindane Can Be Toxic to Humans Lindane, also known as g-hexachlorocyclohexane (g-HCH), is commonly used in shampoos and other topical treatments for head lice and [7], In 1995, lindane medications were designated second-line and are now reserved for patients who are unable to tolerate or have failed first-line treatmentsa growing problem in the U.S. and elsewhere due to increased rates of resistance. WebLindane is a persistent organic pollutant: it is relatively long-lived in the environment, it is transported long distances by natural processes like global distillation, and it can Sore throat. [4][25] The latter includes the U.S. and Canada, which support public health uses of pharmaceutical lindane but no longer allow agricultural applications. eCFR :: 49 CFR 171.4 -- Marine pollutants. Fish, marine mammals and birds in the region are exposed to environmental pollutants, increasing the stress of the marine ecosystem. [4][5] This is not unlike other medications where the active ingredient has other non-healthcare applications. The direct causes of death for the other cases were attributed to reasons other than lindane. Lindane This substance does enter the environment under normal use. [34], In response to Morton Grove's complaint, the Ecology Center defendants moved to dismiss the case based on an alleged lack of personal jurisdiction. The substance may have effects on the nervous system, bone marrow and liver. 0000057176 00000 n 104 0 obj <> endobj startxref The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. (4) On a package of limited quantity material marked in accordance with 172.315 of this part. However, a significant amount of Lindane is also found in Fresh air, rest. (Note: These events represent the most common reported to the FDA and do not represent the most common events associated with the use of lindane lotion and lindane shampoo overall). Toxicity of lindane induced by oxidative stress and intestinal Boiling point: 323C Melting point: 113C Density: 1.9 g/cmSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20C: 0.0007 (very poor)Vapour pressure, Pa at 20C: 0.0012 Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20C (air = 1): 1Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 3.61 - 3.72. The study also documented a marked decrease in lindane wastewater contamination and lindane poisoning incidents reported to Poison Control Centers. [11][12], While adverse reactions can occur with use of low-dose topical pharmaceutical formulations, serious effects are rare and have most often resulted from the misuse of medication. WebThis Lindane Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document replaces the earlier National Marine Fisheries Service No Observed Adverse Effect Level National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System EPA Office of Pesticide Programs Population Adjusted Dose Pesticide Analytical Method Public Document [16] The vast majority (85%) of these reports488 totalwere classified as nonserious, while serious events most often resulted from product misuse (80% of serious cases). 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (Octinoxate, Uvinul MC80) Glyceril octanoate dimethoxylcinnamate. hYio+QB L` EDl+b?5 %U`{W5=;" C*LOu3],5K1v)v..%S]*&dc?>|]^+}.{|xu}>_]_og|Sn6?8WagnsyY~9,6lY|y /7buvx|~\^sgd_ yr|t1g/7o_7:E}stm"(:KjuygEwq^|_]. (c) A transport vehicle or freight container that contains a package subject to the marking requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section must be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark. WebLindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. Previous work showed that Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 degrades lindane and that, in the presence of the pesticide, [13], The State of California banned the pharmaceutical use of lindane, effective 2002. The following ingredients are of concern in the marine environment and need more testing: Cinoxate. %%EOF Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. [7][16], In all age groups, reported adverse events occurred mainly in patients with contraindications to the use of lindane or in those who appeared to have misapplied or orally ingested medication. 104 22 A medication guide, written in plain English, was also developed and is now required by law to be dispensed with every lindane prescription dispensed in the U.S. to better educate patients and caregivers on safe application technique. Lindane has been used in the U.S. for more than 60 years, both in healthcare and in agriculture. 0000001244 00000 n That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. (3) Transitional exception. Cough. [citation needed], The US EPA has determined that lindane does not contaminant drinking water in excess of the Agency's level of concern. WebLindane, a lipophilic pollutant, may be toxic to organisms. Lindane (Ref: OMS 17) - University of Hertfordshire WebLINDANE ICSC: 0053 IMPORTANT DATA PHYSICAL STATE; APPEARANCE: ODOURLESS, WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER CHEMICAL DANGERS: On contact with hot surfaces or flames this substance decomposes forming toxic and corrosive fumes including phosgene and hydrogen chloride. In the U.S., lindane medications are exclusively manufactured and distributed by Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Further see Ingestion. In 1987, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified lindane as a possible human carcinogen. Lindane (-BHC) is an organochlorine insecticide that is classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP), and serious health problems can arise after It is of particular concern because of People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. The companys promotion agreement with Alliant Pharmaceuticals, which commenced in 2005, was terminated May 2007. [18], Canadas Pest Management Regulatory Agency phased out of all agricultural uses of lindane between 2000 and 2005 due to concerns of chronic occupational exposure and risks to workers during seed treatment and planting. Formula: C6H6Cl6 If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. $>. Histological effects of sublethal concentrations of insecticide Lindane The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "Moderately Hazardous," and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. [6] (see also Regulatory Status) The FDA, however, continues to support the use of lindane prescription medications, noting that The risk of occupational/environmental exposure should be assessed separately and independent of the risk related to the therapeutic use of a medication to treat a medical condition where there is direct benefit to the patient. Decomposes on heating and on burning. Current as of October 03, 2022 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. Long-term toxicity of lindane through oxidative stress and cell 125 0 obj <>stream WebIn the case of marine pollutants also meeting the criteria for inclusion in another hazard class, all provisions of this subchapter relevant to any additional hazards continue to [7], In the face of negative publicity concerning lindane pharmaceutical products, the U.S. manufacturer, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, filed a legal complaint on February 6, 2007 in the U.S. District Court in Chicago, Illinois against the National Pediculosis Association, the Ecology Center, Inc., and two physicians for statements made and disseminated to healthcare providers and consumers using the internet and through a series of printed literature . Six cases of congenital anomaly were also describedfive for infants "possibly" exposed to lindane in utero and one paternal exposurebut no characteristic pattern of effect was noted. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and trichlorobenzenes (see ICSCs 0344, 1049 and 1222). WebThe MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: Symbol (fish and tree): Black on Abstract. (1) Lindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA'sGreat Waters Programdue to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans and the environment. (2) Assessing Personal Exposure Lindane can be measured in the blood, urine, and semen of exposed individuals by gas chromatography.(1) The most common side effects are nonserious reactions of the skin (e.g., burning, itching, dryness and rash). [6] Mexico has committed to a structured, voluntary phase out of lindane through the North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) but currently authorizes agricultural, veterinary and healthcare uses. Not combustible. Lindane They are second line treatments, meaning they are prescribed only when first-line therapies have failed, cannot be tolerated or are otherwise contraindicated. Read what you need to know about our industry portal chemeurope.com. Lindane - Wikipedia
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