When Jesus raised someone, did he call them back from heaven? Presumably, the book of Genesis has its roots in Mesopotamia from the early part of the second millennium BC. We learn that the disaster told by the Hebrews, which according to Velikovsky was caused by a comet (he collaborated with NASA), was also experienced and described by other peoples in Europe, Asia and America. According to these tablets, the Anunnaki, or Anannge, were angels. This is perhaps appealing to some as Dumuzi's Akkadian Did both accounts arise from a common real event in the distant past? #art #music #CoMeDy &#PoliticsAF! So, good, honest, open-minded scholars and students of religion will look for parallels and comparisons between Judaism and Mesopotamian religion. is informed of the gods decision to destroy mankind by listening Enki and If he left no comment on the subject, it is understandable why, as a man of the church! The huluppu tree is transplanted Until next week, keep searching. the lady of the rib, or she who makes live. Skeptical, non-believing scholars try to paint early Judaism as polytheistic, but there is no solid evidence for this. Enlil separated heaven from earth and claimed the earth as his domain. [13]:3740 Then, Nammu gave birth to An, the sky, and Ki, the earth. In Luke 9:54 when Jesus is refused entry into a Samaritan village, the brothers ask, Lord, do you want us to call fire down from heaven and destroy them? Jesus rebukes them for their quick tempers, but its assumed they have this power. Does Romans 13 (obey the governing authorities) apply to us, even if our government is corrupt? Of course, much of that evidence is found at my web site, to include prophecies in Genesis which are fulfilled in Jesus (see my book From Shadow to Reality. Does it mean that the Gospels are not based on true accounts? Great Discoveries in Biblical Archaeology: The Sumerian King List - by Bryant G. Wood, Biblical Stories Mirror Those Found in Ancient Mythology - by Ed Neumann, It's not as if the religions around Christianity and Judaism weren't doing the same thing . The Bible was born in Babylon from that experience of the stranger who was almost mortal but whom Jews transformed into divine grace. While I was a gardener, the goddess Itar fell in love with me and so I exercised royalty for fifty-six years. The deity of the dome-shaped firmament was named An; that of the earth was named Ki. Required fields are marked *. She was known for her intelligence, beauty, and powerful political acumen. Elohim is on the contrary one of the most common divine names, appearing more than two thousand times. by Inanna from the banks of the Euphrates to her garden in Uruk, Thank you. Donc pas de souci. [11] Underneath the terrestrial earth, which formed the base of the dome, existed an underworld and a freshwater ocean called the Abzu. An amazingly detailed collection of passages from the Bible and Ancient Sumerian Texts that corroborate each other. As far as the New Testament goes, many also draw a parallel between A similar story is described in the Sumerian tablets. The true secret of Tutankhamun finally revealed. Despite the takeover of Babylon by the Persians in 539 and Cyrus edict allowing exiles to return to Judea, an important Jewish community remained in the city: it was it that, at the end of the 5th century AD, initiated the so-called Babylonian Talmud, which is still the authority in Judaism. LEnuma Elish nest pas le rcit de la cration du monde pour les Sumriens, mais pour les Babyloniens. Their order of importance and the relationships between the deities has been examined during the study of cuneiform tablets. Thorkild Jacobsen, the first translator of the Eridu Genesis, was a renowned historian specializing in Near East and Sumerian literature. The tale is also - most famously - told as the story of Noah and his ark from . [37] An was the ancient Sumerian god of the heavens. Early Sumerian cuneiform was used primarily as a record-keeping tool; it was not until the late Early Dynastic period that religious writings first became prevalent as temple praise hymns[5] and as a form of "incantation" called the nam-ub (prefix + "to cast"). Only one woman had dared to do this before her, the great Hatshepsut. With this, we may not be able to determine if the Sumerian creation story has been influenced by others around it, or if its completely independent. This idea based on the Sumerian myth known as Enki and Ninhursag (see ANET, pp. Contrairement la vision biblique de la cration, qui accorde lHomme une place centrale, la religion gyptienne antique considre que lHomme nen est quun lment, au mme titre que les minraux, les vgtaux et les animaux (Germond et Livet, 2001). In the 19th century linguists studied the Bible and came to several incredible conclusions: 2- We find the precise style of 4 authors totally different in time, in their training, their way of writing, their way of describing, in their interests and their choice of vocabulary. If Amos, Nahum, Habakkuk, Haggai, Malachi were names of real people, why are they not found elsewhere in Biblical history? Ishtar's primary legacy from the Sumerian tradition is the role of fertility figure; she evolved, however, into a more complex character, surrounded in myth by death and disaster, a goddess of contradictory connotations and forcesfire and fire-quenching, rejoicing and tears, fair play and enmity. [14]:184 She was Inanna's older sister. Because it helps another culture to understand their own through contextualizing the cultures main tenants and providing easy to understand comparisons. The motivation is different, her progenitor, a high priestess, had wanted to hide the fruit of an illicit affair with a stranger. Thus if somebody said to be nine hundred years old was actually nine hundred moons old he would be near-as-damn-it seventy-five. The Hebrews lived between two great civilizations with which they mixed. At the kings request, a magician separated the waters, found the jewel and returned it to its owner. Doggerland, Variousunder water cities and roads in Greece and Egypt, The lapita in samoa, Gulf of Combay city near India. Might there be opportunities that arise later for people to be saved? Man would be a creation in the image of the gods except that he would not have their life span, would not have their powers and would have to work at their services instead of the Igigi. Even if some rabbis explain that those who ask themselves the question know nothing about it, that it is normal to write God in the plural, the answers they give are far from convincing. Tammuz Tammuz, Sumerian Dumuzi, in Mesopotamian religion, god of fertility embodying the powers for new life in nature in the spring. Before the beginning of kingship in Sumer, the city-states were effectively ruled by theocratic priests and religious officials. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); @2020 - All Right Reserved. (Kramer 1963 pp. [30]:xiii,xv[13]:101 Many of the myths involving her revolve around her attempts to usurp control of the other deities' domains.[32]. La Bible est un fatras. She put me in a basket of reeds, which she sealed with bitumen. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. Sumerian religion heavily influenced the religious beliefs of later Mesopotamian peoples; elements of it are retained in the mythologies and religions of the Hurrians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and other Middle Eastern culture groups. April Holloway is a Co-Owner, Editor and Writer of Ancient Origins. Did the Genesis writer rely on the Gilgamesh Epic in writing the flood account? I recently viewed a documentary claiming that ancient tablets (older than OT manuscripts) were found in Iraq, telling a story almost identical to Noahs and that the soil there showed signs of an ancient flood as well (unlike the land around Mount Ararat). Then it states or implies they got it from genesis. Do you have any insight about this? I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, What's your favourite Fairy Tales (and their possible origins). How can you say that we are not sure which came earlier? [14]:179 Lists of large numbers of Sumerian deities have been found. First, Nammu, the primeval waters, gave birth to An (the sky) and Ki (the earth), who mated together. Why is a Love Poem Full of Sex in the Bible? Some of the fantastic stories included are: Outside the Battlefield, What Was Daily Life Like for Medieval Knights? Ten days later, having regained his senses, Atrahasis took a dove and released it; the dove left, but she returned. Might the Sumerians have borrowed their account from the Jews? Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. The Igigi were the servants of the Anunnaki but one day they got tired of it and went on strike! [16][15] The celestial bodies were equated with specific deities as well. Along the side of Yanmen Shan mountain, located twenty kilometers to the east of Nanjing, China, the legendary Yangshan quarry can be found. The Egyptian king of that time was called Typhon and is said to have given his name to the phenomenon in Mexico, the Mayans who described the same thing called him Hurakan, which then gave him the word Hurricane. The Eridu Genesis shines light on the bare bones of creation. Carved figure with feathers. Dilmun is a place created by the god Enki for the goddess Ninursag, and the story of Dilmuns creation would be the text that inspired the Paradise of Adam and Eve (article to come on this). The story contains topics relating to kingship, the first cities, and sacrifice. Mesopotamian relition was polytheistic. The Sumerian myth Enki and Ninmah shows Ninhursag (called "Ninmah") competing with the god Enki, a masculine deity within the Mesopotamian pantheon who was also described as Ninmah's husband in . He does not receive a covenant, [17]:58, The entrance to Kur was believed to be located in the Zagros mountains in the far east. For our creation, they used clay and blood from the God W-ilu, an angry God sacrificed for the occasion (who would be at the origin of the wrath of men). A Visual Tour (Video). The waves even covered the tops of the mountains. Dog and chest were covered with a sacred cloth reminiscent of the Hebrew prayer shawl. (Kramer 1963 p. 328) S. H. Hooke notes another The belief in one God in ancient Egypt, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Awk4WsLvS9A, Anunnaki, la version sumrienne de la cration de lhumanit, Nos anctres des extra-terrestres ? Both have a universal flood coming on mankind. Four Religion: Theology, Rite, and Myth 112 Five Literature: The Sumerian Belles-Lettres 165 Six Education: The Sumerian School 229 Seven Character: Drives, Motives, and Values 249 Eight The Legacy of Sumer 269 APPENDIXES 301 A. He started by creating heaven and Earth. En ce qui concerne les religions de Msoamrique, bien peu de textes sont parvenus jusqu nous, et lhistoire sest perdue dans les autodafs des conquistadors. During the Akkadian Empire, Inanna, the goddess of sex, beauty, and warfare, was widely venerated across Sumer and appeared in many myths, including the famous story of her descent into the Underworld. Interestingly, the translated Sumerian story is actually the oldest account of many ancient events that are most commonly thought as having originated from the Bibles Genesis. The solution was accepted and men were created by the God Ea (Enki) and the Goddess Ninmah (or Ninhursag also called Mama, the universal mother?). Perhaps, when we compare it to the other creation stories weve discussed, we can come up with commonplaces between all of them, and thus, a commonplace between all cultures in regards to the creation of the Universe. Ninhursag and causes eight new plants to grow from the earth. The pagan traditions associated with it have survived through the centuries, with many still A large Viking burial mound found on the island of Karmy off Norways western coast was long thought to be empty. The Sumerian god Enlil becomes Abraham's El, the Elohim becomes Eloha. In the Bible there is a poem by Pharaoh Akhenaten, dedicated to the base at Aton the Solar God. These early deities were believed to occasionally behave mischievously towards each other, but were generally viewed as being involved in co-operative creative ordering. No votes so far! sweet water. Likewise, James and John are sons of the mortal Zebedee and in Mark 3:17, Jesus gives them the collective label Boanerges Sons of Thunder. Biblical parallels in Sumerian literature Traces of Sumerian religion survive today and are reflected in writings of the Bible. Toward the end of the Sumerian civilization, ziggurats became the preferred temple structure for Mesopotamian religious centers. In the Gilgamesh Epic, Utnapishtum took his family, some friends as well as many animals on the boat. Sumerian Mythology Fascinating Sumerian History A Gods and Heroes - Nov 25 2020 . from the University of Copenhagen, and his Ph.D. from the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago. It is unclear when the first settlers of the region arrived, but they were a non-Semitic people that historians believe may have come out of the Samarra culture in northern Mesopotamia or Assyria. Adad extended his deathly silence into heaven, reducing to darkness all that had been luminous. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. or even a goddess (I Kings 11:5) or men considered superior (Exodus 4:16, I Samuel 28:13, Zechariah 12:8). The countrys government is run by a confidant of Seti II, from the metropolis Pi Ramses. It appears that the Bible was plagiarized from the Texts written more than 1,000 years previously. This particularity of Kabbalah indicates that it is closely linked to ancient astrological systems of belief, Thus, Kabbalah is very far from the Jewish religion and much more closely linked to the ancient mysterious religions of the East. But in reality, Moses exercises power directly and his provocative arrogance and clumsiness soon highlighted his inadequacies and lightness. MacDonald has found numerous other examples of similarities between Bible parables and the stories of ancient myths and legends, too numerous, he says, to be accidental. NDE: they have gone back from the kingdom of the dead, from Heaven or Hell! [13]:3740 Enlil separated An from Ki and carried off the earth as his domain, while An carried off the sky. A few centuries later, this text will be reproduced practically as it stands in the Bible, in Proverbs 22:17 to 23:11. The king-priest, wearing a net skirt and a hat with leaves or feathers, stands before the door of a temple, symbolized by two great maces. More broadly, it is in Babylon that the people of Israel will lay the foundations for a Judaism that is now deprived of the Temple. (Pierre Jovanovic, 2001). During the Third Dynasty of Ur, the Sumerian city-state of Lagash was said to have had sixty-two "lamentation priests" who were accompanied by 180 vocalists and instrumentalists.[10]. (Genesis 4: 17-18) The [36] In later myth, her husband was the god Nergal. [6] These tablets were also made of stone clay or stone, and they used a small pick to make the symbols. To reward him, he then granted immortality to Atrahasis, but made humans less disturbing his tranquility, requiring Ea to reduce mens life time, and introducing disease, sterility, and other weaknesses to men. Not only do people in Asia and America tell the same story, but they also describe manna, that food that falls from the sky! There were civilizations present in three main regions that contributed to these accomplishments, the Sumerians being one of them. Both have a man building a large boat and saving his family and a number of animals on the boat. Finally, he took a raven and dropped it; the raven went away, but when he found the withdrawal of the waters, he picrored, croaked, shook, and did not return. Sumer, in Mesopotamia, was called 'the land of civilized kings'. I found your post very interesting. For privacy reasons, she has previously written on Ancient Origins under the pen name April Holloway, but is now choosing to use her real name, Joanna Gillan. In Genesis, Eve is fashioned from Adam's rib and her name hawwa Nevertheless it is not true to say that there is absolutely nothing in common between Judaism and Mesopotamian religion. The Sumerian Flood Story (also known as the Eridu Genesis, Sumerian Creation Myth, Sumerian Deluge Myth) is the oldest Mesopotamian text relating the tale of the Great Flood which would. p. For specialists, this old pun has been taken up in the Hebrew version, thus giving birth in the Book of Genesis to Eve and its alternative titles. They have been twisted and exagerated over thousand years. Moise (Beya) meets all the conditions to precipitate the fall of the dynasty. This is what I believe to be the case, but I leave it to you to decide for yourself. JC. [17]:75 His primary consort was Ninhursag, the Sumerian goddess of the earth. Listen Top Shows Blog Discover #PoliticsAF Show!HOT ON THE TRAIL OF TRUMP GOIN' 2 FN JAIL! over to Eve. Be the first to rate this post. The Coffin Texts [c. 2100-1800BCE] are pretty darn old. , La Croix, the largest French Catholic newspaper. [23], During the late 2000s BC, the Sumerians were conquered by the Akkadians. where she finds that: The Anzu bird set his young in the branches of the tree, And the dark maid Lilith built her home in the trunk. Some remained virtually the same until later Babylonian and Assyrian rule. Then: unable to hide him any longer, she found him a papyrus basket, coated him with bitumen and pitch, put the child in it and placed him in the rushes on the banks of the River. It is only the Canaanite form of the Sumerian god Enlil. Reincarnation and karma in Judaism and Christianity. Roger Sabbah, Egyptologist, archaeologist and researcher made incredible discoveries with his brother: In Tutankhamuns tomb, opened in 1923, there were inscriptions written in unusual hieroglyphics, some letters resembling the Hebrew alphabet in form, pronunciation and symbolic value. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. [17]:109 She was the divine personification of the planet Venus, the morning and evening star. While mankind had existed prior to that time for thousands and tens of thousands of years, this was the first creation story ever recorded in history. The Sumerian Flood Story (also known as the Eridu Genesis, Sumerian Creation Myth, Sumerian Deluge Myth) is the oldest Mesopotamian text relating the tale of the Great Flood which would appear in later works such as the Atrahasis (17th century BCE), The Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 2150-1400 BCE), and - most famously - the story of Noah and his ark from the biblical Book of Genesis . This story was written in the 2ndMillenium BCE by the Sumerians. The full story can be found here: https://www.livius.org/sources/content/oriental-varia/eridu-genesis/. Temples served as cultural, religious, and political headquarters until approximately 2500 BC, with the rise of military kings known as Lu-gals ("man" + "big")[6] after which time the political and military leadership was often housed in separate "palace" complexes. is related to the Hebrew word hay or living. the story of the Flood. Sermons in Merced by Dr. John Oakes Mark II Kingdom Parables. As late as Ezekiel, there is mention of a Sumerian deity. [9] Adams First Wife Lilith: Diabolical Demoness or the First Feminist? It was therefore under the name of El that God addressed this call to Abraham. The Sumerian writers, by playing on words, came to identify The Lady of the Coast with The Lady who gives life. Nikola Tesla and numbers 3, 6, 9: The secret key to free energy? [14]:184 Nanna was god of the moon and of wisdom. Juste quelqu'un de curieux qui se pose des questions sur le sens de la Vie et qui est conscient du fait que nos livres religieux et historiques sont truffs de mensonges. I think it is fascinating to look at various creation stories. [14]:180 Each dome was made of a different kind of precious stone. According to Doctor Ashok Malhotra, It was suggested that Sumerians appeared in Southern Mesopotamia around five and half thousand years ago carrying with them the seeds of civilization. Another possibility is that one or the other was created first, and the other borrowed from it. The ancient civilization of Greece is a historical period that has long been a subject of fascination and intrigue. Why Mount Sinai is in Egypt and Other Exodus Enigmas, A Nearly 1,100-Year-Old Hebrew Bible Could Be the Most Expensive Ever Sold, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: Unleashing the End of the World. 5 Pagan Traditions That Will Leave You Spellbound (Video), Uncomfortable Truth: The Dark Origins of Easter? Misfortune strikes Pharaoh Seti II, his firstborn son dies and follows him to the grave (which may have inspired the death of Pharaohs firstborn son in the ten wounds of Egypt). Sumerian myths were passed down through the oral tradition until the invention of writing (the earliest myth discovered so far, the Epic of Gilgamesh, is Sumerian [dubious - discuss] and is written on a series of fractured clay tablets). Another possibility is that one or the other was created first, and the other borrowed from it. An Inspirational Courtesans Tale, Was Anne of Cleves Too Ugly for King Henry VIII? Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of Egypt, is one of the most iconic figures in history. Shown are three classic planetary symbols of Sumero-Mesopotamian religious art: the Moon (crescent), Sun (estoile) and Venus (octactinal star). [19][14]:184 All souls went to the same afterlife,[19] and a person's actions during life had no effect on how the person would be treated in the world to come. What Are the Similarities and Differences Between Beltane and Walpurgis Night? Lorsquil a commenc enseigner, un naga sous la forme dun homme est venu suivre son enseignement mais Bouddha a vu que ce ntait pas un humain et lui a expliqu que son enseignement ntait que pour les humains. 3- Author 1 was called J. because it is clear that he belonged to the tribe of Judah and because he speaks of Yahweh, and not of Elohim (the gods). The implication of course is that it suggesets that the Gospels are retellings of ancient stories. Is it true that Genesis was written by four different competing groups and that it is very contradictory? To those deportees who returned home after years of exile, sometimes more than 50 years, and who were not (no longer) accepted by those who had stayed. So what could account for these similarities? [14]:179180, The majority of Sumerian deities belonged to a classification called the Anunna ("[offspring] of An"), whereas seven deities, including Enlil and Inanna, belonged to a group of "underworld judges" known as the Anunnaki ("[offspring] of An" + Ki). It is only natural that anthropologists, historians and those who study religion to look for parallels between the earliest docoments of the Old Testament and the Sumerian/Babylonian/Akkadian religions in Mesopotamia. A Visual Tour (Video), Behind the Scenes of Ancient Greece: Exploring the Daily Life of its People (Video), Trove of Ancient Artifacts Discovered in Paestum Include Dolphin Statuette of Eros, TheiaGreek Goddess of Light, the Sun, the Moon, and Wisdom, Greeces East Attica In Antiquity: Playground Of Gods, Heroes And Heroines, A Face to the Legend: The Quest to Reconstruct Cleopatra's Look (Video), Aspasia - The Real-Life Helen of Troy? The Sumerian god An, for example, developed the Akkadian counterpart Anu; the Sumerian god Enki became Ea. Did the Jews borrow their flood story from the Sumerians? [14]:203 The planet Venus was believed to be Inanna, the goddess of love, sex, and war. They deduced from this that the Hebrew language was derived from hieroglyphics, which are stylised. Une fois leurs missions de rintroduction accomplies, ces missionnaires sont repartis do ils venaient. Thank you for reading! He too weathers the deluge aboard a huge boat. weeping for Tammuz (Dumuzi) during a drought. The prologue of "Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the Underworld" 6- Author 4 was called D. because he only worked on the text of Deuteronomy. Carried away by the disease, the young pharaoh Siptah died in his turn and Tausret immediately proclaimed himself pharaoh. Ancient Sumerian Mythology The Chronicles Of The Sumerian Peoples Myths And Epics Gilgamesh And Beyond Greek Mythology Babylonian . about The Book of Revelation is Filled with Ancient Curses, New Research Reveals, Egyptian Authorities Push Back on Cleopatra Portrayal. Being written by as many as 40 authors over a span of 1600 years, one would expect to find some inconsistencies. Hey, Leah, great post! There are two possibilities to explain this. The Sumerians regarded their divinities as responsible for all matters pertaining to the natural and social orders. [14]:179 The Akkadians syncretized their own gods with the Sumerian ones,[14]:179 causing Sumerian religion to take on a Semitic coloration. The account which numbers those Patriarchs as ten is fact. Other Sumerian and Akkadian deities adapted into the Hurrian pantheon include Ayas, the Hurrian counterpart to Ea; Shaushka, the Hurrian counterpart to Ishtar; and the goddess Ninlil,[41] whose mythos had been drastically expanded by the Babylonians. It assumes that the gods and the universe already exist and that once a long time ago the heavens and earth were united, only later to be split apart. Les dieux gyptiens taient nombreux et varis, cependant certains se dtachent et nous les retrouvons dans la figure jointe. those born as deities, Inanna does as well. : see on Amazon. cease as the two create several malformed humans and then the two Why is it that people try to relate those gods to the God in the Old Testament? flood lasts a long time, but Ziusudra comes to rest within seven reptiliens) que vous avez chass : vous navez jamais essay ? There have been many attempts at translations, but the most relevant of all has been that of sumerology researcher Anton Parks. children and so was cursed by Ninhursag, receiving one wound for By this time, humans had already learned how to farm, plow, develop copper and bronze metallurgy, and develop the first calender. 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I later realized that the hypothesis I had arrived at on my side had already been suggested thirty years earlier by a great French assyriologist, Father Vincent Scheil, as the American orientalist William Albright, who published my work, taught me.. (do not forget the Q & A below with more details about the Gilgamesh Epic). 25), The quarrels between herder god and farmer deity pairs such as During the Third Dynasty of Ur, the Sumerian pantheon was said to include sixty times sixty (3600) deities. Lahar and Ashnan or Enten and Emesh are similar in some respects Voici un savant rabin qui dit bien que la Gense vient de babylone, et alors ? But ti also means to keep alive. [14]:203 The lowest dome of heaven was made of jasper and was the home of the stars. (Genesis 5). In early times, Sumerian temples were simple, one-room structures, sometimes built on elevated platforms. The Sumerian kings list has only eight in the list while the Bible gives 10 patriarchs before the Flood (including Noah). Sumerian Language and Literature. I think you are just getting mixed up with the actual Biblical account in the New Testament in Luke 9:54 when James & John ask Jesus if they can destroy a Samaritan town/village with fire. We see the weekly Sabbath, circumcision (it is an Egyptian practice), the celebration of Easter. I took a Mesopotamian Civilizations course last semester and it was exciting to hear about their culture once more! While the origin of the Sumerians is unknown, (it is said that they may have come from the east), there have been many hypotheses that seek to answer this mystery. The stretcher chest, on the other hand, could be similar to the Ark of the Covenant as described in the Bible. Throughout the history of civilization, the notion of the apocalypse has been a recurring theme in human history, transcending cultures and religions. These ancient gods of Mesopotamia had wings, wore horned caps, and possessed the ability to . Erich Von Danikens theory of ancient astronauts, Historians are perplexed by the list of Sumerian kings on cuneiform tablets containing the list of Sumerian kings, The genesis of humanity: Secret histories of civilizations: see on Amazon The civilizing gods: The genesis of humanity: see on Amazon The Bible as you have never read it: Did the Gods come from the stars? Enlil (El), the supreme god, sent terrible epidemics and famine to decimate men, but Ea (Enki), the creator, always thwarted his plans through his protg Atrahasis, the very wise, a man who warned his people of every danger.
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